Hypothesis testing is a method used in statistical inference to make decisions about a population based on sample data. The process involves formulating null and alternative hypotheses, collecting data, and conducting statistical tests to determine the likelihood of the null hypothesis being true. The goal is to determine if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. Hypothesis testing is a key tool in research across various disciplines, including social sciences, natural sciences, and business. It helps researchers draw conclusions, make predictions, and inform decision-making based on statistical evidence.